While the law requires the highest degree of diligence from common carriers in the safe transport of their passengers and creates a presumption of negligence against them, it does not, however, make the carrier an insurer of the absolute safety of its passengers.

Article 1755 of the Civil Code qualifies the duty of extraordinary care, vigilance[,] and precaution in the carriage of passengers by common carriers to only such as human care and foresight can provide. What constitutes compliance with said duty is adjudged with due regard to all the circumstances.

In 1954, then President Ramon Magsaysay declared the first week of August of every year as sight conservation week. This is based on a preliminary survey made by the Philippine Eye Bank which shows that approximately 40,000 blind Filipinos could have saved their sight if the necessary precautions had been taken.

When the buyer of the goods is or becomes insolvent, the unpaid seller who has parted with the possession of the goods has the right of stopping them in transitu, that is to say, he may resume possession of the goods at any time while they are in transit, and he will then become entitled to the same rights in regard to the goods as he would have had if he had never parted with the possession. (Article 1530, Civil Code)

A contract of carriage is defined as one whereby a certain person or association of persons obligate themselves to transport persons, things, or news from one place to another for a fixed price. (Cathay Pacific Airways v. Reyes, G.R. No. 185891, June 26, 2013)

The month of July of every year is declared as the “Blood Donor’s Month” pursuant to Proclamation No. 1021, series of 1997.

“What makes LMP 2024 different from the previous celebrations is that it has a more ‘back-to-basics’ vibe and ‘keeping-it-simple’ feel…The focus and emphasis are really on listening to and appreciating different artists sharing their music and their stories in intimate settings. Our LMP this year is not really focused on the spectacle but rather more on highlighting the artist and the song.”

“A VAT-registered person shall issue a VAT Invoice for every sale, barter, exchange, or lease of goods or properties, and for every sale, barter, or exchange of services.” (Section 113, National Internal Revenue Code of 1997 as amended by Section 21, Ease of Paying Taxes Act)

The fourth week of July of every year is declared as the Diabetes Awareness Week pursuant to Proclamation No. 213, 1993.

This duty of extraordinary diligence applies regardless of whether the passenger pays a fare (as a paying passenger) or rides gratuitously (without charge). Nonetheless, the law also provides that when a passenger is carried gratuitously, a stipulation limiting the common carrier’s liability for negligence is valid, but not for wilful acts or gross negligence.