Doctrine of the case:

Labor contracting is not illegal per se. The fact that PLDT had contracted out specific jobs, works, or services does not automatically mean that the contractors’ employees are the direct employees of PLDT. However, PLDT workers engaged in installation, repair, and maintenance services of PLDT lines need to be regularized because they perform tasks that are necessary and desirable and directly related to the business of PLDT.

Doctrine:

Payment of the full redemption price within the one-year redemption period is a valid exercise of the right of redemption.

Doctrine:

A seasonal employee is deemed a regular employee if they perform work or services that are seasonal in nature and is employed to perform such work or services for more than one season. The fact that an employee is free to make their services available to others does not negate regular employment status for as long as they are hired repeatedly for the same activities and not merely on and off for any single phase of agricultural work. Likewise, being compensated under a pakyaw scheme does not negate regular employment so long as the employer has the right to exercise the power of control or supervision over the performance of an employee’s duties, regardless of whether the same is actually exercised. 

Doctrine

An “ON-US check” refers to a client’s check drawn and deposited on the same branch of a bank. Once an ON-US check is cleared and credited to a payee’s account, the bank can no longer enforce a stop payment order and debit the payee’s account. When the late stop payment order is enforced and the payee’s account is debited, resulting in the dishonor of the check drawn from such account, the bank is deemed to have committed a breach of contract which makes it liable for damages.