Legitimacy and filiation are two different concepts. Therefore, while the law grants the husband the sole right to impugn his child’s legitimacy, the same child may bring an action to establish that she is not filiated to her mother’s husband. (James Cua Ko v. Republic of the Philippines, G.R. No. 210984, April 12, 2023)
Employees may validly refuse an employer’s order only when the order is unreasonable, unlawful, immoral, impossible, or unrelated to their job duties. In contrast, refusal of a lawful and reasonable order may constitute willful disobedience or insubordination, which is a just cause for dismissal under the Labor Code.
Willful disobedience or insubordination requires the concurrence of two (2) requisites: (1) the employee’s assailed conduct must have been willful which is characterized by a wrongful and perverse attitude; and (2) the order violated must have been reasonable, lawful, made known to the employee, and must pertain to the duties which he had been engaged to discharge.
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Registering your business name is both a legal requirement and a protective measure for the public and the business owner. It ensures transparency, avoids confusion, and helps establish the owner’s accountability. For sole proprietorships, complying with Republic Act No. 3883 provides a lawful foundation for conducting business in the Philippines and upholds the integrity of commercial transactions.
Stipulations authorizing the imposition of iniquitous or unconscionable interest are contrary to morals, if not against the law. Under Article 1409 of the Civi l Code, these contracts are inexistent and void from the beginning.
Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must, at all times, be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives. (Article XI, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution)
Public officers and employees hold in trust powers that they exercise in behalf of the public. Hence, they are held to higher standards than ordinary citizens to keep the people’s faith in the State. (Neri v. Office of the Ombudsman, G.R. No. 212467, July 5, 2021)
Knowing whether you are receiving the right salary means understanding both the legal minimum wage and the actual value of your work. By staying informed about government wage laws, reviewing your job responsibilities, and checking for mandatory benefits, you can better protect your rights and ensure fair compensation.
Fair wages are not just a legal requirement, they are essential to maintaining dignity, fairness, and economic security for every worker.
The Marital Disqualification Rule and Marital Privilege Rule are legal principles under the Rules of Court designed to protect the confidentiality of communications and testimony between the spouses during marriage.
Both rules aim to protect the sanctity of marriage and domestic harmony. The Marital Privilege Rule emphasizes the protection of confidential communications during and even after marriage, while the Marital Disqualification Rule restricts testimony during marriage primarily to prevent perjury and preserve marital harmony. In both rules, the exceptions, civil cases between spouses and criminal cases where one spouse harms the other or their direct descendants/ascendant, ensure that legal accountability is maintained without undermining the institution of marriage.
Reinstatement presupposes that the previous position from which the employee has been removed is still in existence or there is an unfilled position of a nature, more or less, similar to the one previously occupied by said employee.
