In 2004, Republic Act No. 9256, an act declaring August 21 of every year as Ninoy Aquino Day, a special nonworking holiday, was signed into law by former President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.

Republic Act (RA) No. 12199, or the Early Childhood Care and Development System Act (ECCD) was enacted in view of the declared policy of the State to safeguard and promote the right of every child to holistic well-being, growth, and dedicated care, reorganizing the age-appropriate stages of development.

In Azurin, Jr. v. Chua (G.R. No. 259662, April 23, 2025), the Supreme Court ruled that while written notice is generally required before a co-owner sells their share, it is not necessary if the other co-owners already had actual knowledge of the sale and failed to redeem the property within 30 days.

The principle of vicarious liability holds certain individuals or entities liable not only for their own negligent acts but also for those committed by persons under their control or authority. This imputed liability applies in specific relationships provided under Article 2180 of the Civil Code.

Management has a wide latitude to conduct its own affairs, so long as it exercises its management prerogative in good faith for the advancement of its interest and not to defeat or circumvent employee rights under the law or valid agreements. Its management prerogative must likewise not be used in a way that is unreasonable, inconvenient, or prejudicial to the employees involved.

Unjust vexation is classified as a light offense, it being punished under the second paragraph of Article 287 of the Revised Penal Code with arresto menor or a fine ranging from P5 to P200 or both.

Article 370 of the Civil Code allows a married woman to choose whether to retain her maiden name or use her husband’s surname in various forms.

Under the Personal Comfort Doctrine, the course of employment is not considered broken by certain acts relating to the personal comfort of the employee, as such acts are helpful to the employer in that they aid in efficient performance by the employee.

Replevin is an action for the recovery of personal property. It is both a principal remedy and a provisional relief. When utilized as a principal remedy, the objective is to recover possession of personal property that may have been wrongfully detained by another. When sought as a provisional relief, it allows a plaintiff to retain the contested property during the pendency of the action.