Any record of employment or service record may contain personal information and sensitive personal information of the employee concerned. The disclosure of such records must have legal basis under the Data Privacy Act of 2012 and existing laws.

All persons who can perceive, and perceiving, can make known their perception to others, may be witnesses.

Religious or political belief, interest in the outcome of the case, or conviction of a crime, unless otherwise provided by law, shall not be a ground for disqualification. 

A “duplicate” is a counterpart produced by the same impression as the original, or from the same matrix, or by means of photography, including enlargements and miniatures or by mechanical or electronic re-recording, or by chemical reproduction, or by equivalent techniques which accurately reproduce the original.

The proviso “as of the date of disability” in Section 13-A(c) of the Social Security Law is declared void for being violative of the equal protection and due process clauses of the Constitution.

Such proviso is unfounded and inharmonious with the spirit behind the enactment of the Social Security Law for discriminating against common-law relationships.

There is double taxation when the same taxpayer is taxed twice when he should be taxed only once for the same purpose by the same taxing authority within the same jurisdiction during the same taxing period, and the taxes are of the same kind or character.

Tax Deficiency is the amount by which the tax imposed by law exceeds the amount shown in the tax return.

Under the “business judgment rule”, the courts are barred from intruding into the business judgments of the corporation, when the same are made in good faith.

Constructive dismissal is an involuntary resignation resorted to when continued employment is rendered impossible, unreasonable or unlikely; or when there is a demotion in rank and/or a diminution in pay.

No share may be deprived of voting rights except those classified and issued as preferred or redeemable shares, unless otherwise provided in the Revised Corporation Code.

The rights of a stockholder are categorized into three: Management Rights, Proprietary Rights, and Remedial Rights.