Habeas corpus plays a vital role in protecting constitutional rights. (Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473 (2000)) It is “a proceeding against some person who has the immediate custody of the party detained, with the power to produce the body of such party before the court or judge, that he may be liberated if no sufficient reason is shown to the contrary.” (Wales v. Whitney, 114 U.S. 564 (1885)) Habeas corpus does not compensate for past wrongful incarceration, nor does it punish the State for imposing it. Instead, it is a challenge to unlawful custody, and when the writ issues it prevents further illegal custody. (Lindh v. Murphy, 521 U.S. 320 (1997)

Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation. (Section 9, Article III, 1987 Constitution)

Just compensation is the full and fair equivalent of the property taken from its owner by the expropriator.

The Second Week of July of every year is declared as the Cultural Communities Week, pursuant to Proclamation No. 250, series of 1988.

The bona-fide suspension of the operation of a business or undertaking for a period not exceeding six (6) months, or the fulfillment by the employee of a military or civic duty shall not terminate employment. In all such cases, the employer shall reinstate the employee to his former position without loss of seniority rights if he indicates his desire to resume his work not later than one (1) month from the resumption of operations of his employer or from his relief from the military or civic duty. (Article 301, Labor Code)

It is imperative to strike a balance between the employees’ tenurial security on the one hand, and the employer’s management prerogative, on the other. (Automatic Appliances, Inc., et al. v. Francia Deguidoy, G.R. No. 228088, December 04, 2019)

“Donations made to conceived and unborn children may be accepted by those persons who would legally represent them if they were already born.” (Article 742, Civil Code of the Philippines)

An employee is not bound to accept a promotion, which is in the nature of a gift or reward. Refusal to be promoted is a valid exercise of a right. Such exercise cannot be considered an insubordination or willful disobedience of a lawful order of the employer, hence, it cannot be the basis of an employee’s dismissal from service. (Echo 2000 Commercial Corporation v. Obrero Pilipino Echo 2000 Chapter-CLO, Id.)

What is an agricultural tenancy?

Republic Act No. 1199 or the Agricultural Tenancy Act of the Philippines defines agricultural tenancy as the physical possession by a person of land devoted to agriculture belonging to, or legally possessed by, another for the purpose of production through the labor of the former and of the members of his immediate farm household, in consideration of which the former agrees to share the harvest with the latter, or to pay a price certain or ascertainable, either in produce or in money, or in both. (Section 3, R.A. No. 1199)