An employer with a bank crediting arrangement for its employees’ salaries and benefits may prove payment of the same by submitting evidence that it transmitted a copy of the payroll or advisory to the bank, and that such was duly received by the latter. Once the employer submits valid proof of receipt by the crediting bank, the burden of evidence shifts to the employees who will have to refute the claim of payment by submitting evidence that their respective bank accounts were not credited with the amounts subject of their claim. (Philippine Airlines, Inc. v. Romeo Ahmee, et al.G.R. No. 221065, April 5, 2025)

Theft is a crime punishable by our laws in the Philippines. Specifically, Article 308 Revised Penal Code substantially provides that any person who shall take or steal with intent to gain the personal property of another without his or her consent and with no further use of violence, intimidation of persons or force upon things, shall be liable for the crime of theft.

Senior citizens who have the capacity and desire to work, or to be re-employed, shall be provided information and matching services to enable them to be productive members of society. Terms of employment shall conform with the provisions of the Labor Code, as amended, and other laws, rules and regulations.

Section 109 of Presidential Decree No. 1529 has two distinct requirements: the first paragraph refers to the notice requirement, i.e., submission of an Affidavit of Loss to the Register of Deeds while the second paragraph pertains to the procedure for the replacement, i.e., filing a petition for the issuance of a new duplicate certificate. The second paragraph contemplates the conduct of a full-blown hearing wherein petitioner must prove the fact of loss or theft through preponderant evidence.

Illegal recruitment is a crime defined under R.A. 8042, as amended by R.A. 10022. When committed by a syndicate or on a large scale, it is considered economic sabotage. Offenders face imprisonment, fines, revocation of licenses, and, if foreign, deportation.

Republic Act No. 9178, otherwise known as, Barangay Micro Business Enterprises (BMBEs) Act of 2002, gives small-scale entrepreneurs the opportunity to start their businesses even with little capital. The law recognizes that these small-scale entrepreneurs can help with the problem regarding much-needed employment and somehow alleviate poverty because they are given the chance to do business on their own, without having to deal with higher costs. It encourages growth with the setting of a micro business which can later turn into a big enterprise.

Pre-trial for Civil Cases differs from pre-trial in criminal cases. Although pre-trial is mandatory, in both types of cases, their distinctions lie in aspects such as the when conducted, the things considered by the Court, as well as the sanctions and effects of non-appearance.

Section 23 of the Domestic Administrative Adoption and Alternative Child Care Act lists whose consent is required for adoption to be valid. The law mandates that certain individuals must give their written consent to ensure that the adoption is legally binding and that the rights of all parties involved are properly considered.

The Labor Code of the Philippines prohibits unlawful deductions from employee wages, protecting wages from being withheld or reduced without the employee’s consent. However, deductions are allowed for certain purposes such as insurance premiums, union dues, loss or damage to employer-provided tools, and legally mandated contributions to social security, health insurance, and other government programs.