Article 1291 of the New Civil Code provides that obligations may be modified by: (1) Changing their object or principal conditions; (2) Substituting the person of the debtor; (3) Subrogating a third person in the rights of the creditor.
The elements of the crimes of grave coercion, light coercion, and other similar coercions and their corresponding penalties are provided in Articles 286, 287, and 288 of the Revised Penal Code.
The doctrine of equal pay for equal work admits exceptions where employers may set different salaries based on reasonable factors such as seniority, experience, or skill, provided they act in good faith and justify the differentiation.
Under the New Civil Code, Dation in Payment is a special form of payment whereby property is alienated to the creditor in satisfaction of a debt in money. Consignation, on the hand, shall be made by depositing the things due at the disposal of judicial authority, before whom the tender of payment shall be proved, in a proper case, and the announcement of the consignation in other cases.
Persons who cannot give consent to a contract may be divided into two categories:
-Persons with absolute incapacity to enter into contracts; and
-Persons with relative incapacity to enter into contracts.
In Melco Resorts v. CIR (G.R. No. 271261, April 2, 2025), the Supreme Court ruled that the two-year period starts from the date the taxpayer actually paid the VAT to the BIR, not from the date the supplier remitted it.
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In the case of Salva-Roldan v. Roldan, G.R. No. 268109, March 3, 2024, the Supreme Court held that hiding one’s homosexuality from a spouse can be considered fraud and may be used as a ground to annul a marriage.
An employee is considered constructively dismissed if he or she was sexually harassed by her superior and her employer failed to act on his or her complaint with prompt and sensitivity.
The condonation doctrine holds that a public official’s re-election bars removal for administrative misconduct committed during a prior term, as it is deemed a public condonation of past acts. However, in Carpio-Morales v. Binay, the Supreme Court abandoned the doctrine for lack of legal basis and for being contrary to the Constitution, with the ruling applying prospectively from April 12, 2016.
