Under the 2024 Implementing Rules of Magna Carta for Homeowners and Homeowners’ Associations (RA 9904), a delinquent member or member not in good standing shall refer to a member who has been declared as such after due notice and hearing on the basis of the grounds and in accordance with the procedures set forth under the bylaws and/or existing policies of the association or, in lieu thereof, under this Rules.

Barangay conciliation, also known as the Katarungang Pambarangay, is a community-based dispute settlement mechanism that is administered by the basic political unit of the country, the barangay.

In determining the sanction imposable on an employee, the employer may consider the former’s past misconduct and previous infractions. Also known as the principle of totality of infractions. However, while the rule permits employers to consider an employee’s history of violations, jurisprudence also sets limits on how past offenses may justify dismissal. Previous offenses may be used as valid justification for dismissal only if they are related to the subsequent offense upon which the basis of termination is decreed, or if they have a bearing on the proximate offense warranting dismissal.

Technological progress, improved methods of production and division of labor are among the reasons which led to new developments in the distribution of working hours in a day, in a week or in a year. The new trends in the pattern of working time have been reflected in the scheduling and staggering of working time. In the Philippines, the most common type of these schemes is part-time work. (DOLE Explanatory Bulletin on Part-Time Employment)

The Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) was reconstituted as the Human Settlements Adjudication Commission (HSAC) through Republic Act No. 11201 otherwise known as the Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development Act.

Copyright infringement is thus committed by any person who shall use original literary or artistic works, or derivative works, without the copyright owner’s consent in such a manner as to violate the copy and economic rights. For a claim of copyright infringement to prevail, the evidence on record must demonstrate: (1) ownership of a validly copyrighted material by the complainant; and (2) infringement of the copyright by the respondent. (Olano, et al v. Co, G.R. No. 195835, March 14, 2016)

Two essential principles must guide entrepreneurs when choosing a business name: first, the name must not be identical or confusingly similar to an existing registered business name, corporate name, or trademark; and second, it must not violate any existing law, rule, or regulation.

Well-settled is the maxim that damage resulting from the legitimate exercise of a person’s rights is a loss without injury — damnum absque injuria — for which the law gives no remedy. In other words, one who merely exercises one’s rights does no actionable injury and cannot be held liable for damages. (Amonoy v. Spouses Gutierrez, G.R. No. 140420)